Colorblind Differentiation Score

Quantify how distinguishable your colors are for people with different types of color blindness using Delta E in CIELAB color space

Colorblind Differentiation Score

Quantifies how distinguishable your colors are for people with different types of color vision deficiency. Uses Delta E (CIE76) on simulated colors.

Quick Presets

Colors to Test (5/10)

#E53935
#43A047
#1E88E5
#FDD835
#8E24AA

Original vs Simulated

Original
Protanopia
100
Deuteranopia
51
Tritanopia
100
Achromatopsia
11
Overall Colorblind Safety Score
70/100

Your colors are well differentiated for most colorblind users.

Weighted: Protanopia 35% + Deuteranopia 35% + Tritanopia 15% + Achromatopsia 15%

Protanopia
Red-blind (~1% of males)
100
Min ΔE: 35.0Avg ΔE: 80.3
Deuteranopia
Green-blind (~6% of males)
51
Min ΔE: 12.7Avg ΔE: 82.9
Colors 2 and 5 are too similar
Tritanopia
Blue-blind (~0.01%)
100
Min ΔE: 25.6Avg ΔE: 61.7
Achromatopsia
Complete color blindness
11
Min ΔE: 2.8Avg ΔE: 20.4
Colors 2 and 3 are too similar

Score Interpretation

70-100: Safe
40-69: Caution
0-39: Danger

Based on Delta E (ΔE) color difference in CIELAB space. ΔE < 5 is barely noticeable, ΔE > 20 is clearly different.

Tips for Colorblind-Safe Design

  • • Avoid red-green combinations — the most common issue (8% of males)
  • • Use high luminosity contrast between adjacent colors
  • • Add patterns, icons, or text labels as secondary indicators
  • • Use blue-orange or blue-yellow as safe alternatives to red-green
  • • In charts, combine color with shape (circles, squares, triangles)
  • • Test with real users when possible

How it works

Colorblind color differentiation goes beyond simple simulation. This tool numerically quantifies whether your colors are sufficiently distinguishable for people with color vision deficiency, using the Delta E (CIE76) metric in CIELAB color space.

Tool features

Quick presets

6 predefined palettes: problematic and safe ones for instant testing.

Visual comparison

Original vs simulated side-by-side for all 4 types of color blindness.

Pairwise ΔE matrix

Detailed table showing the distance between each color pair.

Copyable report

Copy complete results with one click for documentation.

Types of color blindness analyzed

  • Protanopia: Red-blindness (~1% of males). L-cones (long wavelength) don't function. Weight in score: 35%.
  • Deuteranopia: Green-blindness (~6% of males). M-cones (medium wavelength) don't function. Weight: 35%.
  • Tritanopia: Blue-blindness (~0.01% of population). S-cones (short wavelength) don't function. Weight: 15%.
  • Achromatopsia: Complete color blindness (very rare). Only luminance is perceived. Weight: 15%.

What is Delta E (ΔE)?

Delta E is a metric defined by the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage) that measures the perceptual difference between two colors in CIELAB color space. We use the CIE76formula (Euclidean distance in L*a*b*):

ΔE = √[(L₂-L₁)² + (a₂-a₁)² + (b₂-b₁)²]
  • ΔE < 1: Imperceptible to the human eye
  • ΔE 1-2: Barely perceptible under ideal conditions
  • ΔE 2-5: Perceptible with attention
  • ΔE 5-10: Clearly different at a glance
  • ΔE 10-25: Very different colors
  • ΔE > 25: Completely distinct colors

Score interpretation

The score (0-100) is based on the minimum ΔE between all pairs of simulated colors, because the most difficult pair determines overall accessibility:

  • 70-100: Safe — Colors are clearly distinguishable even for colorblind users
  • 40-69: Caution — Some pairs may be confused, check the matrix
  • 0-39: Danger — Multiple colors are indistinguishable, needs changes

Inclusive design tips

  • Avoid red-green combinations (affects 8% of males)
  • Use blue-orange or blue-yellow as safe alternatives
  • Ensure high luminosity contrast (L* in CIELAB) between adjacent colors
  • Add patterns, icons, or text as secondary indicators
  • In data charts, combine color + shape (circles, squares, triangles)
  • Test with real users when possible

Practical examples

Case 1: Bar chart with 5 categories

You have a chart with colors: #FF6B6B, #4ECDC4, #45B7D1, #96CEB4, #FFEAA7

→ Deuteranopia Score: 45 — Red and green are confused
→ Solution: Change green to dark blue → Score: 78

Case 2: Form validation states

You use red for error and green for success in field validation.

→ Protanopia Score: 28 — Almost indistinguishable
→ Solution: Add icons in addition to color, or use orange + blue

Case 3: Heat map

Your map uses a green-to-red gradient to show values.

→ Overall Score: 35 — Problematic for 8% of men
→ Solution: Blue-yellow gradient + numeric labels → Score: 85

Frequently Asked Questions

What percentage of the population is colorblind?
Approximately 8% of men and 0.5% of women have some form of color blindness. Deuteranopia (green-blindness) is the most common, affecting 6% of men. In a team of 15 people, at least one is likely to be colorblind.
What minimum score should I aim for?
For inclusive design, aim for 70+ across all types. If your audience is general, prioritize deuteranopia and protanopia (weight 35% each in the overall score). For critical interfaces (medical, traffic lights, alerts), aim for 85+.
Why are red and green problematic?
The red (L) and green (M) cones in the retina respond to very similar wavelengths. In people with protanopia or deuteranopia, these cones don't function properly, making red and green appear as similar shades of brown or yellow.
What's the difference between this tool and a colorblind simulator?
A simulator shows how colors look (qualitative). This tool quantifies with a number (0-100) how distinguishable colors are from each other. You can use both: the score for quick assessment and the simulator for the visual result.
What is the pairwise ΔE matrix?
It's a table showing the Delta E distance between each color pair after simulating each type of color blindness. Red values (ΔE < 5) indicate confusable pairs; yellow (ΔE 5-15) caution; and green (ΔE > 15) safe pairs. This lets you identify exactly which color pair is problematic.
Does this tool replace testing with real users?
No, but it's an excellent first step. It offers a quick quantitative assessment based on color science. It's always recommended to complement with tests by real colorblind users. You can use our Image Colorblind Simulator to test complete designs.